SECTOR SYSTEM / 12 COVERED ISSUERS

Financials

Banks, insurers, exchanges and asset managers earn income through different balance-sheet and fee models. Conventional industrial cash-flow ratios may not be economically comparable.

Key questions

Net interest income, credit provisions, fee income, underwriting results and capital adequacy.

Risks & uncertainties

Credit losses, deposit pricing, reserve assumptions, market liquidity and regulatory capital.

Valuation context

Sector medians are descriptive, not fair-value estimates. Dated company ratios use annual denominators and differ in fiscal year end. Historical-multiple series are unavailable. Sources and exclusions are visible on company profiles.

Company coverage / 12

Earnings themes & sector evidence

Research archive

HR-0019AXPCompany Research

AXP: reading the FY2025 financial structure ↗

AMERICAN EXPRESS CO

Research abstract

Annual revenue of USD 41.304 billion and net income of USD 10.833 billion for the period ended 2025-12-31.

DATA THROUGH2025-12-312 MIN READPUBLISHED 2026-09-26
HR-0022BACEarnings Review

BAC: the annual earnings and cash-flow comparison ↗

BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/

Research abstract

A two-period review of BAC revenue, profitability and cash conversion; reported revenue growth was 6.84%.

DATA THROUGH2025-12-312 MIN READPUBLISHED 2026-09-26
HR-0023BACCompany Research

BAC: reading the FY2025 financial structure ↗

BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/

Research abstract

Annual revenue of USD 113.097 billion and net income of USD 30.509 billion for the period ended 2025-12-31.

DATA THROUGH2025-12-312 MIN READPUBLISHED 2026-09-26
HR-0028BLKCompany Research

BLK: reading the FY2025 financial structure ↗

BlackRock, Inc.

Research abstract

Annual revenue of USD 24.216 billion and net income of USD 5.553 billion for the period ended 2025-12-31.

DATA THROUGH2025-12-312 MIN READPUBLISHED 2026-09-26
HR-0029BRK-BEarnings Review

BRK-B: the annual earnings and cash-flow comparison ↗

BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC

Research abstract

A two-period review of BRK-B revenue, profitability and cash conversion; reported revenue growth was -0.99%.

DATA THROUGH2025-12-312 MIN READPUBLISHED 2026-09-26
HR-0030BRK-BCompany Research

BRK-B: reading the FY2025 financial structure ↗

BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC

Research abstract

Annual revenue of USD 247.244 billion and net income of USD 66.968 billion for the period ended 2025-12-31.

DATA THROUGH2025-12-312 MIN READPUBLISHED 2026-09-26

Filing notes & sources

BRK-BBERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC10-K2026-03-02SEC SOURCE ↗
JPMJPMORGAN CHASE & CO10-K2026-02-13SEC SOURCE ↗
BACBANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/10-K2026-02-25SEC SOURCE ↗
HSBCHSBC HOLDINGS PLC20-F2026-02-26SEC SOURCE ↗
GSGOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC10-K2026-02-25SEC SOURCE ↗
CCITIGROUP INC10-K2026-02-20SEC SOURCE ↗
AXPAMERICAN EXPRESS CO10-K2026-02-06SEC SOURCE ↗
SCHWSCHWAB CHARLES CORP10-K2026-02-25SEC SOURCE ↗